The end of the war opened the way for decolonization from the great powers. This effort primarily began as an attempt to avoid another war between Germany and France by economic cooperation and integration, and a common market for important natural resources. The devastated great powers of Western Europe formed the European Coal and Steel Community, which later evolved into the European Economic Community and ultimately into the current European Union. Members of the United Nations agreed to outlaw wars of aggression in an attempt to avoid a third world war. The war also saw a nuclear arms race between the two superpowers part of the reason that the Cold War never became a 'hot' war was that the Soviet Union and the United States had nuclear deterrents against each other, leading to a mutually assured destruction standoff.Īs a consequence of the war, the Allies created the United Nations, an organization for international cooperation and diplomacy, similar to the League of Nations. Internationally, alliances with the two blocs gradually shifted, with some nations trying to stay out of the Cold War through the Non-Aligned Movement. Europe was divided into a US-led Western Bloc and a Soviet-led Eastern Bloc. Western Europe and Japan were rebuilt through the American Marshall Plan whereas Central and Eastern Europe fell under the Soviet sphere of influence and eventually behind an ' Iron Curtain'. Allies during World War II, the US and the USSR became competitors on the world stage and engaged in the Cold War, so called because it never resulted in overt, declared total war between the two powers but was instead characterized by espionage, political subversion and proxy wars.

The aftermath of World War II was the beginning of a new era for all countries involved, defined by the decline of all European colonial empires and simultaneous rise of two superpowers the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US).

The challenge aftermath